American Indian tribes in Texas have a long tradition of military activity dating to prehistoric times based on the archeological record. Armed conflict between different tribes and later between Indians and European settlers continued until the late Nineteenth Century. Spanish, Mexican, Republic of Texas and U.S. militaries all established facilities to protect settlers and launched expeditions against various Indian tribes. The period from the 1840s through the 1870s saw one of the largest influx of settlers to lands occupied by Indians and thus saw the most intense conflict. It is also the same period which saw the building of frontier forts that remain as physical reminders of the period and those who served there.
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